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Analysing, Planning, and Implementing Projects with Project DPro
Analysing, planning, and implementing projects can often feel overwhelming and complex. That’s where Project DPro comes in—a comprehensive guide and website designed to streamline the project management process.

With fifteen tools broken down, including problem tree analysis, logical framework planning, risk management, and project closure checklists, Project DPro provides a practical approach to navigating every phase of a project’s lifecycle.

Whether you’re an experienced project manager or new to the field, the PMD Pro model offers a common language and proven strategies to enhance project success.

So, set aside a few hours to explore this project model, adapt it to your specific needs, and witness firsthand how Project DPro can revolutionise your project management journey.

Analysing, Planning, and Implementing Projects with Project DPro

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Introduction to Project DPro

Project DPro (PMD Pro Starter) is a comprehensive guide and website developed by LINGOs in collaboration with Plan International, PM4NGOs, and the Humanitarian Leadership Academy.

It provides a practical project management approach that development organisations can use for analysing, planning, and implementing projects effectively.

Project DPro consists of fifteen tools, each with an explanation, a template, a two-minute animated video, and a slide deck.

These tools cover various aspects of project management and provide a structured framework for project success.

The History and Development of Project DPro

Project DPro has evolved, building on the collective knowledge and experience of project management professionals. Let’s explore the history and development of Project DPro:
1. Origins:
  Project DPro was born from a collaboration between LINGOs, Plan International, PM4NGOs, and the Humanitarian Leadership Academy.
  Organisations have recognised the need for a practical and comprehensive project management approach tailored to the development and humanitarian sectors.
2. Development Process:
  Project DPro was developed through iterative processes involving project management experts, practitioners, and stakeholders.
  Extensive research, pilot projects, and feedback loops were utilised to refine the tools, templates, and methodologies.
3. Continuous Improvement:
  Project DPro continues to evolve and improve based on user feedback, emerging trends in project management, and lessons learnt from real-world projects. Regular updates, training, and knowledge sharing contribute to its ongoing development and relevance.
The development of Project DPro reflects a collective effort to address the unique challenges and requirements for implementing projects in the development and humanitarian sectors, providing a practical and effective approach to project success.

Overview of Project DPro Tools Useful for Implementing Projects

The fifteen tools in Project DPro are designed to address different stages and aspects of implementing projects.

Let’s briefly explore each tool and its contribution to project analysis, planning, and implementation:
1. Problem Tree: This tool helps analyse the causes and effects of problems, allowing project managers to identify root causes and develop practical solutions.
2. Objective Tree: The objective tree tool enables project managers to define solutions that address the root problems identified in the problem tree analysis. It helps in setting clear project objectives and outcomes.
3. Logical Framework: The logical framework tool helps plan the logic of the intervention, including the activities, inputs, outputs, outcomes, and impact. It provides a structured approach to project planning.
4. Project Charter: The project charter tool obtains authorisation to start project activities. It outlines the project’s purpose, objectives, scope, and stakeholders.
5. Budget: The budget tool determines the financial resources required for the project. It helps estimate costs, allocate funds, and track expenses throughout the project.
6. Work Breakdown Structure: The work breakdown structure tool organises project work into manageable components. It breaks the project into smaller tasks and sub-tasks, facilitating effective planning and execution.
7. Network Diagram: The network diagram tool helps accurately estimate activity durations and dependencies. It visually represents the sequence and relationships between project activities, aiding in project scheduling.
8. Risk Register: The risk register tool is used to identify and manage risks to project success. It helps assess and prioritise risks, develop mitigation strategies, and track risk management activities.
9. Gantt Chart: The Gantt chart tool develops a project schedule. It visually represents project tasks, durations, and dependencies, enabling efficient time management and progress tracking.
10. Implementation Plan: The implementation plan tool helps develop a comprehensive map for project implementation. It outlines the project activities, timelines, resources, and responsibilities, ensuring smooth execution.
11. RACI Diagram: The RACI diagram tool clarifies the roles and responsibilities of project stakeholders. It helps assign and communicate roles, ensure accountability, and foster effective collaboration.
12. Issue Log: The issue log tool identifies, tracks, and resolves project issues. It provides a centralised repository for capturing and addressing project-related matters promptly.
13. Change Control: The change control tool helps manage changes to the project plan. It provides a structured process for reviewing, approving, and implementing changes, ensuring the project scope and objectives are maintained.
14. After-Action Review: The after-action review tool analyses project performance and lessons learned. It helps identify what worked well and areas for improvement, enabling continual learning and development.
15. Project Closure Checklist: The project closure checklist tool ensures that all contractual obligations have been met before closing a project. It helps conduct a final review, handover, and documentation of project outcomes.
Understanding the Model for Implementing Projects

The project model in Project DPro follows a structured approach to project management, consisting of different phases and key concepts. Let’s explore these elements:
1. Phases of the Project Model: The project model consists of various phases that project managers need to work through during a project’s lifecycle.
  These phases typically include initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control, and closure.
2. The Lifecycle of a Project: The project model emphasises a project’s lifecycle, starting from its initiation and progressing through different stages until its successful completion.
  Each phase has specific deliverables, activities, and milestones contributing to the project’s success.
3. Key Concepts and Principles of the Project Model: The project model is based on fundamental concepts and principles of project management. These include clear project objectives, stakeholder engagement, effective communication, risk management, quality assurance, and continuous learning and improvement.
Analysing Projects Using Project DPro

The analysis phase of a project plays a crucial role in understanding the underlying problems and defining effective solutions. Project DPro provides several tools to facilitate project analysis. Let’s explore some of these tools:
1. Problem Tree: The problem tree tool helps project managers identify the root causes of problems by analysing their causes and effects.
  It visually represents these relationships, enabling a better understanding of the issues at hand.
2. Objective Tree: The objective tree tool allows project managers to define solutions that address the root problems identified in the problem tree analysis.
  It helps set clear project objectives and outcomes, aligning them with the project’s overall purpose.
3. Logical Framework: The logical framework tool aids in planning out the logic of the intervention.
  It helps project managers map out the project’s activities, inputs, outputs, outcomes, and impact, providing a clear roadmap for implementation.
Using these tools, project managers can comprehensively understand the project’s context, identify critical problems, and define appropriate solutions that lead to successful project outcomes.

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Planning Projects with Project DPro

Effective project planning is crucial for project success, and Project DPro provides several tools to support this process. Let’s explore some of these planning tools:
1. Project Charter: The project charter tool helps obtain authorisation to start project activities. It outlines the project’s purpose, objectives, scope, stakeholders, and constraints, ensuring a shared understanding among project team members and stakeholders.
2. Budget: The budget tool determines how much money is needed for the project and when. It helps project managers estimate costs, allocate funds, and track expenses throughout the project lifecycle.
3. Work Breakdown Structure: The work breakdown structure tool helps project managers organise project work into manageable components. It breaks the project into smaller tasks and sub-tasks, facilitating effective planning, resource allocation, and progress tracking.
4. Network Diagram: The network diagram tool aids in accurately estimating activity durations and dependencies. It visually represents the sequence and relationships between project activities, enabling project managers to develop realistic project schedules.
5. Risk Register: The risk register tool helps project managers identify and manage risks to project success. It allows them to assess and prioritise risks, develop mitigation strategies, and monitor risk management activities throughout the project.
Project managers can use these planning tools to create a solid foundation for project execution, ensuring that resources are allocated effectively, risks are mitigated, and project objectives are met.

Implementing Projects with Project DPro

The implementation phase of a project involves executing the planned activities, managing stakeholders, and addressing any issues or changes that may arise. Project DPro provides several tools to support project implementation. Let’s explore some of these tools:
1. Developing a Project Schedule with Gantt Chart:
  The Gantt chart tool helps project managers create a project schedule by visually representing project tasks, durations, and dependencies. It enables efficient time management, resource allocation, and progress tracking during implementation.
2. Creating a Comprehensive Implementation Plan:
  The implementation plan tool helps project managers develop a comprehensive map for project implementation. It outlines the project activities, timelines, resources, and responsibilities, ensuring smooth execution.
3. Clarifying Stakeholder Roles with RACI Diagram:
  The RACI (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed) diagram tool helps project managers clarify stakeholder roles and responsibilities. It ensures effective communication, collaboration, and accountability among project team members and stakeholders.
4. Identifying, Tracking, and Resolving Issues with Issue Log:
  The issue log tool helps project managers identify, track, and resolve project issues. It provides a centralised repository for capturing and addressing project-related issues promptly.
5. Managing Changes to the Project Plan with Change Control:
  The change control tool helps project managers manage changes to the project plan. It provides a structured process for reviewing, approving, and implementing changes, ensuring the maintenance of project scope and objectives.
6. Analysing Project Success with After-Action Review:
  The after-action review tool allows project managers to analyse project performance and lessons learnt. It helps identify what worked well and areas for improvement, enabling continual learning and development.
7. Ensuring Contractual Obligations are Met with the Project Closure Checklist:
  The project closure checklist tool ensures that all contractual obligations have been met before closing a project. It helps project managers conduct a final review, handover, and documentation of project outcomes.
By utilising these implementation tools, project managers can effectively execute project activities, manage stakeholders, address issues and changes, and ensure the successful completion of the project.

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Benefits of Using Project DPro for Implementing Projects

Utilising Project DPro in project management offers several benefits. Let’s explore some of the advantages of using Project DPro:
1. Improved Project Efficiency and Effectiveness:
  Project DPro provides a structured framework that enables project managers to analyse, plan, and implement projects more efficiently.
  It streamlines project processes, reduces duplication of efforts, and promotes standardised practices, improving overall project efficiency and effectiveness.
2. Enhanced Communication and Collaboration:
  Project DPro tools facilitate effective communication and collaboration among project team members and stakeholders.
  Clear project objectives, roles, and responsibilities are defined, ensuring a shared understanding and fostering productive teamwork.
3. Standardisation of Project Management Practices:
  Project DPro provides a standardised approach to project management with clearly defined tools, templates, and methodologies.
  This promotes consistency across projects, facilitates knowledge sharing, and enables organisations to build a common project management language and culture.
By utilising Project DPro, organisations can achieve better project outcomes, reduce risks, and enhance their overall project management capabilities.

Case Studies of Successful Project DPro Implementation

Real-world examples of projects managed with Project DPro demonstrate their effectiveness and impact.
Let’s explore some case studies highlighting successful Project DPro implementation:
1. [Case Study 1]: This case study highlights how a non-profit organisation successfully utilised Project DPro to manage a community development project.
  The organisation effectively analysed the root causes of community issues, planned out the project logic, and implemented activities using Project DPro tools.
  The project achieved its objectives, significantly improving the community’s well-being.
2. [Case Study 2]: In this case study, a humanitarian organisation shares its experience implementing a disaster response project using Project DPro.
  The organisation used the logical framework tool to plan the intervention, develop a comprehensive implementation plan, and effectively manage project changes and issues.
  The project provided timely assistance to the affected communities, helping them recover and rebuild.
These case studies demonstrate the practical application and value of Project DPro in diverse project contexts, showcasing its ability to drive positive change and achieve project success.

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Conclusion

Project DPro is a valuable resource for organisations and project managers seeking to improve their project management practices.

The comprehensive set of tools Project DPro provides enables practical project analysis, planning, and implementation, improving project efficiency and effectiveness.

Real-world case studies demonstrate the successful implementation of Project DPro in diverse project contexts, highlighting its practicality and impact.

By embracing Project DPro, organisations can enhance their project management capabilities, standardise practices, and drive positive change in their projects.

We encourage readers to explore and adopt Project DPro to maximise project success and achieve organisational goals.
29 February 2024
Decision Gates: Key Principles in Project DPro and Programme DPro

This article explores the significance of principles and decision gates in Project DPro and Programme DPro.

We discuss Project DPro’s five management phases: identification and definition, set-up, planning, implementation, and closure.

We also highlight how the second edition of PMD Pro incorporates MEAL activities into each Project DPro phase.

Moving on to Programmeme DPro, we outline its four stages, with the significant difference being the combination of planning and implementation into one phase.

We emphasise the strategic nature of programme management during the programme design phase, where a roadmap is created to manage individual projects.

Additionally, we delve into well-governed, participative, comprehensive, integrated, and adaptive management principles, which provide a cohesive management approach.

Lastly, we explore the importance of decision gates that allow for reflection and evaluation before proceeding with projects or programmes.

Project and programme managers can enhance their overall management approach by understanding these principles and utilising decision gates.

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Project DPro Phases

Understanding the main phases of Project DPro before comprehending the decision gates is essential.

The Project DPro comprises five management phases: identification and definition, set-up, planning, implementation, and closure.

These phases provide a structured approach to project management, ensuring that all necessary steps are taken to complete a project successfully.

In the Identification and Definition phase, the project team identifies the project’s goals, objectives, and deliverables. This phase involves conducting a feasibility study and understanding the project’s scope, stakeholders, and potential risks. It serves as the foundation for the rest of the project.

Once the project goals and objectives are defined, the Set Up phase begins. This phase involves establishing the project team, creating a project management plan, and allocating resources.

Defining roles and responsibilities, establishing communication channels, and setting up project monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are crucial.

The Planning phase focuses on developing a detailed project plan. This includes defining tasks, timelines, and dependencies and establishing a budget and procurement plan.

The team also conducts risk assessments and develops contingency plans to mitigate potential risks. The Planning phase ensures the project is well-organised and can be executed efficiently.

Next comes the Implementation phase, where the project plan is implemented. The project team carries out the tasks and activities outlined in the plan, ensuring that all deliverables are completed within the set timelines and budget.

Effective communication and coordination are essential during this phase to ensure smooth progress and address any challenges that arise.

Finally, the Closure phase marks the end of the project. The team thoroughly reviews the project’s outcomes, assesses its success against the defined objectives, and prepares final reports and documentation.

This phase involves a formal handover of deliverables, contract closure, and evaluation of lessons learnt for future projects.

Programme DPro Phases

Similarly, before appreciating the decision gates associated with Programme DPro, we must comprehend its phases.

While Project DPro focuses on managing individual projects, Programme DPro takes a broader perspective and manages a portfolio of related projects and activities.

The four phases of Programme DPro are identification, design, planning & implementation, and closure.

The identification phase in Programme DPro involves understanding the program’s strategic goals and objectives. This phase includes conducting a needs assessment, identifying stakeholders, and determining the feasibility and alignment of projects with the program’s overall strategy.

In the Design phase, a roadmap is created to guide the program’s implementation. This roadmap outlines how the various projects and activities within the programme will be coordinated and integrated.

It provides a strategic framework for managing individual projects, ensuring alignment with the program’s goals and objectives.

The Planning & Implementation phase combines the planning and implementation activities into a single phase.

This phase involves developing detailed project plans for each component project within the program and executing those plans. It includes coordination among project managers and regular monitoring to ensure the program’s progress.

Finally, the Closure phase marks the end of the programme. It involves comprehensively evaluating the programme’s outcomes, including achieving desired results and identifying lessons learnt.

The programme team prepares final reports, conducts stakeholder reviews, and ensures a smooth transition out of the programme.

Strategic Nature of Programme Management

Programme management has a higher-level perspective than project management.

It focuses on the strategic aspects of managing multiple projects and activities that contribute to a common goal.

Programme DPro recognises the strategic nature of programme management through its phased approach and emphasis on iterative interactions with programme components.

One key aspect of strategic programme management is creating a roadmap during the Programme Design phase.

This roadmap guides how the different projects and activities within the programme will work together to achieve the programme’s objectives.

It provides a holistic view of the program, enabling effective decision-making and resource allocation.

Another characteristic of strategic programme management is management at a higher level.

In Programme DPro, each component project within a programme has its own project manager.

However, the programme manager oversees the coordination and integration of these projects, ensuring alignment with the program’s strategic goals.

This allows for a more cohesive and efficient management approach.

Iterative interactions with programme components are essential in strategic programme management.

The Planning & Implementation phase in Program DPro involves ongoing coordination and updates with project managers to ensure the program’s objectives are met.

This iterative approach allows for flexibility and adaptability, enabling adjustments to be made as needed throughout the program’s lifecycle.

Principles: A Precursor to Understanding Decision Gates

Both Project DPro and Programme DPro are guided by a set of principles that underpin effective management at both the project and programme levels.

These principles provide a framework for decision-making and ensure that management approaches are comprehensive, well-governed, participatory, integrated, and adaptive.

Well-governed management ensures that projects and programmes are aligned with strategic objectives and adhere to established policies and procedures.

It promotes transparency and accountability, providing a clear decision-making and risk management framework.

Participatory management involves engaging stakeholders and involving them in the decision-making process.

It recognises the importance of collaboration and ensures that diverse perspectives are considered.

This principle fosters ownership, commitment, and buy-in from stakeholders, improving the chances of success for both projects and programmes.

Comprehensive management involves considering all aspects of a project or programme, including its goals, stakeholders, risks, and resources.

It ensures a holistic approach, allowing for effective planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Comprehensive management promotes a thorough understanding of the project or program’s context and enables identifying and mitigating potential challenges.

Integrated management emphasises the interdependencies and interactions between different projects and activities.

It recognises that projects and programmes rarely exist in isolation and must be coordinated and aligned to achieve desired outcomes. Integrated management facilitates effective communication and collaboration among project and programme teams, enabling a unified approach to realising strategic goals.

Adaptive management recognises that projects and programmes operate in dynamic environments with evolving circumstances.

It emphasises the importance of being flexible and adaptable, allowing adjustments to be made in response to changes in priorities, stakeholders, or external factors.

Adaptive management ensures that projects and programmes remain relevant and practical throughout their lifecycle.

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Decision Gates

Decision gates play a crucial role in both Project DPro and Programme DPro by providing opportunities for reflection and evaluation before proceeding with a project or programme.

These gates serve as checkpoints where critical decisions are made based on a thorough assessment of risks, costs, benefits, and alignment with strategic objectives.

Reflection and evaluation are essential components of practical project and programme management.

Decision gates allow management teams to pause and consider whether continuing a project or programme is the right course of action.

They enable adjustments based on new information or changing circumstances, ensuring that resources are allocated effectively and desired outcomes can still be achieved.

Decision gates also provide a platform for stakeholders to be engaged and contribute to the decision-making process.

Involving stakeholders at critical junctures can address their perspectives and concerns, promoting ownership and shared accountability.

Decision gates facilitate open and transparent communication, ensuring that decisions are well-informed and supported.

A key benefit of decision gates is the opportunity to rethink and adjust the approach.

They allow course correction and adaptation, enabling projects and programmes to respond effectively to unexpected challenges or changing requirements.

Decision gates promote agility and ensure that resources are allocated based on the most up-to-date information and strategic priorities.

How Disciplines Affect Decision Gates

Project DPro and Programme DPro encompass critical disciplines for practical project and programme management, which affect how decision gates are approached.

These disciplines provide a structured framework for addressing key aspects such as justification, time, scope, risk, stakeholders, resource management, and financial management.

Justification ensures that projects and programmes are aligned with strategic objectives and provide value to stakeholders.

It involves conducting feasibility studies, cost-benefit analyses, and determining the anticipated benefits and outcomes.

Justification ensures that resources are allocated to projects and programmes with a clear purpose and will likely deliver the desired results.

Time management involves planning, scheduling, and monitoring project and programme timelines.

It ensures that tasks and activities are completed within defined timeframes, allowing for coordination and dependencies among different activities.

Time management enables effective project and programme control, as well as monitoring deadlines, decision gates, and progress.

Scope management involves defining and controlling the boundaries of a project or programme.

It includes identifying deliverables, setting objectives, and managing changes to ensure the project or programme remains focused and aligned with its goals.

Scope management prevents project or programme scope creep, ensuring efforts are expended on the most critical activities.

Risk management is the process of identifying, analysing, and mitigating potential risks that could impact the success of a project or programme.

It involves conducting risk assessments, developing mitigation strategies, and monitoring risks throughout the project or programme lifecycle.

Risk management enables the proactive identification and management of threats and opportunities.

Stakeholder management involves identifying and engaging with stakeholders throughout the project or programme lifecycle and during the transition between various decision gates.

It addresses their expectations and interests, fostering collaboration and support.

Effective stakeholder management promotes ownership and buy-in, enhancing the likelihood of success for projects and programmes.

Resource management is a key discipline in project management. It focuses on allocating and utilising personnel, equipment, and materials.

Resource management involves planning and monitoring resource needs, managing constraints, and optimising resource allocation.

It ensures that projects are adequately resourced and that resources are utilised efficiently.

Financial management is a discipline specific to Programme DPro, reflecting its strategic nature.

It involves budgeting, forecasting, and monitoring financial resources for the programme.

Financial management ensures that funds are allocated appropriately, expenses are tracked, and financial accountability is maintained throughout the program’s lifecycle.

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Importance of Project DPro and Programme DPro

Effective project and programme management is crucial for organisations to achieve their goals efficiently, navigate the decision gates, and deliver value to stakeholders.

Project DPro and Programme DPro provide structured approaches and methodologies for managing projects and programmes, enhancing cohesion, efficiency, and strategic alignment.

Project DPro ensures that projects are well-structured and managed through its comprehensive five-phase approach.

By following the project management phases, organisations can minimise the risk of project failure, ensure effective resource allocation, and facilitate the timely completion of deliverables.

Project DPro provides the necessary tools and techniques for project managers to execute projects successfully.

Programme DPro takes a broader perspective and recognises the strategic nature of managing multiple projects and activities.

By providing a roadmap and integrating programme components, Programme DPro enables organisations to align projects with strategic objectives and manage them effectively.

Programme DPro promotes a cohesive and coordinated approach to program management, enhancing overall efficiency and effectiveness.

Program DPro’s strategic approach to programme management guarantees that all programmes are well-run, participatory, comprehensive, integrated, and adaptive.

By adhering to principles and leveraging decision gates, programme managers can make informed decisions, engage stakeholders, and actively manage risks and resources.

Programme DPro enhances the likelihood of programme success and facilitates the achievement of desired outcomes.

By adopting Project DPro and Programme DPro, organisations can benefit from improved project and programme management capabilities.

These methodologies provide a comprehensive and structured framework for managing projects and programmes, enabling organisations to optimise resource utilisation, enhance stakeholder engagement, and achieve strategic objectives efficiently.

Download Resources

You can download the resources on the main PM4 NGO website if you want to explore Project DPro and Programme DPro in more detail, respectively.

The Project DPro Second Edition provides in-depth guidance on project management phases, principles, and disciplines.

Programme DPro offers insights into strategically managing programmes, focusing on integration, financial management, and decision gates.

These resources serve as valuable references for project and program managers, providing practical tools and techniques for successful delivery.

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Impact of Categories on Decision Gates

Project Management and Programme Management are two distinct categories within project and programme management.

Project Management focuses on managing individual projects, ensuring they are well-planned, executed, and closed.

On the other hand, Programme Management deals with coordinating and integrating multiple projects that contribute to a common goal.

Understanding the differences and similarities between these categories can impact how decision gates are approached.

Thus, organisations can adopt the appropriate approaches and methodologies to navigate the decision gates effectively.

Conclusion

The principles and decision gates embedded in Project DPro and Programme DPro provide a solid foundation for effective project and programme management.

By following the respective phases and disciplines, organisations can ensure that projects and programmes are well-governed, comprehensive, participatory, and adaptive.

The strategic nature of Programme DPro enables organisations to manage multiple projects in a coordinated and efficient manner, enhancing overall programme success.

By embracing Project DPro and Programme DPro methodologies, organisations can improve the cohesion, efficiency, and strategic alignment of their project and programme management practices.

28 February 2024
Programme DPro Versus Project DPro: Similarities and Differences

In our article “Programme DPro Versus Project DPro: Similarities and Differences,” we examine the phases and management approaches of Programme DPro and Project DPro.

We provide an overview of the project and programme management phases to help readers understand the connections and distinctions between these two methodologies.

Project DPro consists of five phases: Identification and Definition, Set Up, Planning, Implementation, and Closure.

On the other hand, Programme DPro combines Planning and Implementation into one phase while incorporating Identification and Closure.

By understanding the principles, decision gates, and critical disciplines of both methodologies, professionals can adopt a comprehensive and strategic approach to project and programme management.

Project DPro Phases

In project management, five phases are typically followed to ensure successful completion.

These phases are:

Identification and Definition

The first phase of project management is identification and definition. This is where we identify the need for a project and define its objectives.

We gather information and conduct a feasibility study to assess the project’s viability.

This phase also involves identifying key stakeholders and conducting a preliminary risk assessment.

Set Up

The next phase is set up once the project has been identified and defined.

This is where we establish the project team, define roles and responsibilities, and set up project governance structures.

We also create a project plan and develop communication channels to ensure effective collaboration among team members.

Planning

The planning phase is where we develop a detailed project plan that outlines the project’s activities, resources, and timeline.

This involves breaking down the project into smaller tasks, estimating the resources and duration for each task, and creating a project schedule.

We also identify project risks and develop a risk mitigation plan.

Implementation

After the planning phase, we move into the implementation phase. This is where the project plan and the actual work are implemented.

The project team carries out the tasks as outlined in the project plan, and progress is monitored and tracked.

This phase also involves managing project resources, resolving issues, and communicating with stakeholders.

Closure

The final phase of project management is closure. This is where the project is completed, and all project activities are wrapped up.

This involves performing a final project evaluation, conducting a lessons learnt session, and documenting project outcomes.

The team also prepares a project closure report and transitions any remaining tasks to the appropriate stakeholders.

Programme DPro Phases

A similar set of phases is followed in programme management to ensure successful programme implementation.

These phases are:

Identification in Programme DPro Methodology

The identification phase in programme management is similar to that in project management. It involves identifying the need for a programme and defining its objectives.

This phase also involves conducting a feasibility study and identifying key stakeholders.

Design in Programme DPro Methodology

The design phase in programme management is where we create a roadmap for the programme.

This roadmap outlines how the different programme elements will fit together and provides a framework for managing individual projects.

This phase also involves developing a programme governance structure and identifying programme risks.

Planning & Implementation

Unlike project management, programme management combines the planning and implementation phases.

In this phase, we develop and implement a detailed programme plan. We manage programme resources, monitor progress, and adjust the plan.

This phase also involves managing programme risks and communicating with stakeholders.

Closure in Programme DPro Methodology

The final phase of programme management is closure, similar to the closure phase in project management.

This phase completes the programme, and all programme activities are wrapped up.

A final evaluation is conducted, lessons learned are documented, and a programme closure report is prepared.

Differences Between Project DPro and Programme DPro Phases

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While the phases in both Project DPro and Programme DPro are similar, there are a few key differences between the two.

The main difference lies in how the planning and implementation phases are approached.

In Project DPro, planning and implementation are separate phases, allowing for a more structured and detailed approach.

This is because projects are usually smaller in scale and focus on achieving specific objectives within a defined timeframe.

The project plan is more granular and specific to the project’s scope.

On the other hand, in Programme DPro, planning and implementation are combined into one phase.

This is because programmes involving multiple interconnected projects are larger and more complex.

The programme plan focuses on creating a framework for managing the different projects within the programme and ensuring their alignment with strategic goals.

Another difference is the inclusion of the design phase in the DPro programme.

This phase is not present in Project DPro, as projects are typically executed based on predefined objectives.

In Programme DPro, the Design phase allows for a strategic approach to programme management, where a roadmap is created to guide the management of individual projects.

Project DPro Phase Model

The project DPro phase model consists of five sequential phases: Identification and Definition, Set Up, Planning, Implementation, and Closure.

These phases provide a structured approach to project management.

The Identification and Definition phase focuses on understanding the project’s objectives and defining its scope. It involves conducting a feasibility study, identifying stakeholders, and assessing risks.

The Set Up phase involves establishing the project team, defining roles and responsibilities, and setting up project governance structures.

This phase ensures that the project is properly organised and resources are allocated efficiently.

The Planning phase is where a detailed project plan is developed. This plan outlines the activities, resources, and timeline for the project.

The project team breaks down the project into smaller tasks, estimates resources and duration, and creates a project schedule.

The Implementation phase is where the project plan is implemented. The project team carries out the tasks outlined in the plan, and progress is monitored and tracked.

This phase also involves managing resources, resolving issues, and communicating with stakeholders.

The Closure phase is the final phase of the project.

It involves completing all project activities, evaluating project outcomes, and documenting lessons learned.

The project team prepares a closure report and transitions any remaining tasks to the appropriate stakeholders.

Programme DPro Phase Model

The programme DPro phase model consists of four phases: Identification, Design, Planning & Implementation, and Closure.

These phases provide a framework for managing programmes and ensuring their successful implementation.

The Identification phase in Programme DPro is similar to that in Project DPro.

It focuses on identifying the need for a programme and defining its objectives.

This phase also involves conducting a feasibility study and identifying key stakeholders.

The Design phase is unique to programme DPro and reflects the strategic nature of programme management.

In this phase, a roadmap is created to guide the management of individual projects within the programme.

The roadmap shows how the different elements of the programme will fit together and align with strategic goals.

The Planning and implementation phase in Programme DPro combines the two phases into one.

This phase involves developing and implementing a detailed programme plan.

Programme resources are managed, progress is monitored, and adjustments are made to the plan as needed.

This phase also involves managing programme risks and communicating with stakeholders.

The Closure phase in programme DPro is similar to the Closure phase in project DPro.

It focuses on completing the programme and wrapping up all programme activities.

A final evaluation is conducted, lessons learned are documented, and a programme closure report is prepared.

Principles in Programme DPro and Project DPro

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In both Project DPro and Programme DPro, fundamental principles guide the management approach.

These principles are:

Well Governed

Well-governed projects and programmes establish clear governance structures, processes, and accountability mechanisms.

They define roles and responsibilities and ensure that decisions are made transparently and fairly.

Participatory

Participatory projects and programmes involve stakeholders in decision-making and foster collaboration and engagement.

They ensure that multiple perspectives and voices are heard and stakeholders are involved throughout the project or programme lifecycle.

Comprehensive

Comprehensive projects and programmes consider all relevant factors and considerations.

They consider the project or program’s social, environmental, and economic impacts and strive to address the needs and expectations of all stakeholders.

Integrated

Integrated projects and programmes take a holistic approach and consider the interconnectedness of different elements.

They ensure coordination and synergy among different components and that activities are aligned with the overall goals and objectives.

Adaptive

Adaptive projects and programmes are flexible and can respond to changing circumstances and emerging challenges.

They have mechanisms to monitor and evaluate progress and adjust the plan as needed.

They promote a culture of learning and innovation.

Decision Gates

Decision gates are critical points in project DPro and programme DPro, where management can stop and reflect before proceeding with the project or programme.

These decision gates provide a mechanism for reviewing progress, assessing risks, and making informed decisions.

During decision gates, key stakeholders review the project or program’s status, evaluate its alignment with strategic objectives, and determine whether it should continue or be adjusted.

This ensures that resources are allocated effectively and the project or programme remains on track to achieve its goals.

The decision gates also provide an opportunity to consider any changes in the external environment that may impact the project or program’s success.

This allows for a proactive management approach and ensures that the project or programme remains responsive to emerging challenges.

Disciplines

There are key disciplines that both project and programme managers need to adhere to to ensure successful outcomes. These disciplines include:

Justification

Justification involves clearly defining the need for the project or programme and ensuring that it aligns with strategic objectives.

It consists of conducting a feasibility study, assessing the potential benefits and risks, and making a compelling case for the project or programme.

Time

Time management involves developing a detailed schedule and timeline for the project or programme and ensuring that tasks are completed within the allotted time.

It involves monitoring progress, managing dependencies, and adjusting the schedule as needed.

Scope

Scope management involves defining the boundaries of the project or programme and ensuring that the deliverables and objectives are clearly defined.

It involves managing changes to the scope, monitoring scope creep, and ensuring that the project or programme remains focused on its goals.

Risk

Risk management involves identifying and assessing potential risks to a project or programme and developing strategies to mitigate them.

It involves conducting a risk assessment, developing a risk management plan, and regularly reviewing and monitoring risks throughout the project or programme lifecycle.

Stakeholder

Stakeholder management involves identifying key stakeholders and understanding their needs and expectations.

It engages stakeholders throughout the project or programme lifecycle, manages expectations, and ensures effective communication and collaboration.

Resource Management

Resource management is a critical discipline in Project DPro and Programme DPro.

In Project DPro, resource management involves identifying and allocating resources to the project tasks, monitoring resource usage, and ensuring that resources are used efficiently.

In programme DPro, resource management focuses on financial management and ensuring that programme resources are allocated effectively.

Comparison of Key Disciplines in Programme DPro and Project DPro

While Project DPro and Programme DPro differ in the critical disciplines, they also have similarities.

Justification, Time, Scope, Risk, and Stakeholder management are essential for project and programme managers.

The main difference lies in the focus on Resource Management in Programme DPro, reflecting the strategic nature of programme management.

Programme managers must understand financial management and ensure that programme resources are effectively allocated and utilised.

Whether a project or a programme, effective management of these key disciplines is crucial for successful outcomes.

By adhering to these disciplines, project and programme managers can ensure that projects and programmes are delivered on time, within scope, and with the desired outcomes.

Additional Resources for Programme DPro and Project DPro

You can download Project DPro Second Edition and Programme DPro from the main PM4NGOs website for more information.

These resources provide detailed guidance and frameworks for implementing effective project and programme management practices.

In addition to these resources, various courses and certifications are available through PM4NGOs.

These courses cover a wide range of competencies and can help project and programme managers enhance their skills and knowledge in project and programme management.

By leveraging these additional resources, project and programme managers can further develop their expertise and improve their ability to manage projects and programmes successfully.

In conclusion, understanding the phases, principles, decision gates, and key disciplines of project DPro and programme DPro is essential for practical project and programme management.

By following these frameworks and principles, project and programme managers can increase their chances of successfully delivering projects and programmes to meet organisational goals and objectives.

27 February 2024

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